Episode 146: helping houseplants cope with a heatwave, plus a Hoya question
Transcript
Episode 146
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Jane: If Planty Perrone picks a peck of pretty peperomias, how many pretty peperomias will Planty Perrone pick before her brain explodes from heat exhaustion? Yes, it's steaming hot here in On The Ledge headquarters. I'm sitting in the office with the blinds down, the fan off and my feet in a basin of cold water. In this week's episode I will be providing some tips for helping your houseplants through a heatwave. I'll also be getting Hoya expert Doug Chamberlain of Vermont Hoyas back to answer a listener question about a plant identification issue and also chat about some of the rarer Hoyas that he is finding attracting high sales prices at the minute. Yes, my prediction that Hoyas are the next big thing does seem to be coming true.
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Jane: More on that shortly, but first some housekeeping. Let me get my virtual dustpan and brush out. Thanks to all of you who got in touch about the Tyler Thrasher episode last week. It seems that you really enjoyed hearing our chat. Tina, for example, emailed to say: "I'm so appreciative of the direction of your recent podcast. I love listening to your Tyler Thrasher episode. Thank you for modelling ways to talk and listen about these devastating recent racial issues in the US. Tyler is amazing. Thanks for the introduction to his world." Well, thanks for listening and being a Patreon, Tina. Sara commenting on my YouTube channel, where all the podcasts are available by the way, in case you didn't realise, Sara said: "Way to go, Jane and Tyler! Speak up, speak out, speak clear, speak to all, then repeat. Black Lives Matter. It's a fact." Thank you for that, Sara.
You are continuing to absolutely smash it with your super reviews for On The Ledge on your various pod apps of choice. Eliza, from the UK, entitled her review "Dangerously addictive, be aware!" Oh yes, I am the crack cocaine of houseplants here. Eliza said: "A must for any plant lover. Have only discovered it by chance a couple of weeks ago but already half way through. No nonsense, knowledgable host" - That is me. I do not brook any nonsense, you're absolutely right! -- "which I blame for a sudden decrease of windowsill space." Well, yes, aren't you on the money there, Eliza? "What I love about her most is that she's very real, honest and relatable." Yes, On The Ledge, keeping it real since February 2017! We've also had a review come in from Belgium. I think this person must have just attacked the keyboard and put some random letters in because it's unpronounceable, but thank you for your review which starts: "Listen to this, finger point emoji, finger point emoji, finger point emoji. Listening for two weeks now and already spent so much money. Absolutely in love with this podcast." I'm sorry, yes, Belgian listener, I'm very sorry you've spent lots of money on houseplants but there are way worse things you could be spending money on in life. You could be spending money on cigarettes or alcohol, or silly shoes, or all kinds of things which will bring you a lot less pleasure than a nice clutch of houseplants. On you go with your spending, Belgian listener, as I'm going to call you because I can't pronounce it! I'm going to have a go Orlalalacarscrruh! If that's really your name, I apologise, but I think you've attacked the keyboard with abandon there.
Thanks to my new Patreon subscribers this week, Cameron, Katrina, Laura and Jacqueline who all became Ledge-Ends and unlocked extra exclusive content and an annual, exclusive card that goes out in snail mail to all Patreon subscribers of $5 a month or more, plus ad-free versions of the show. Pretty good deal for $5 a month, I think you'll find. So, if you're interested in how to sign up for that, check out the show notes at janeperrone.com and if you want to give a one-off donation you can via ko-fi.com or by PayPal and again details are in the show notes.
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Jane: It can be a bit of a shock when you get a sudden burst of sunny days and high temperatures. Here in the UK for the last few days, it's been getting up to 30C which is, she says looking, in fact I can't tell you what that is in Fahrenheit because it's off my chart! I'm thinking it's about 90F but my chart doesn't go that high. It does occasionally get this hot in the UK but it doesn't happen that often, but when it does, we do struggle to cope because we're not set up for this kind of heat. This is a time when we need to be paying extra attention to our houseplants because if you live in a climate where it's regularly getting up into the 30s then you and your plants are more adapted. If you're in a climate where it isn't a usual practice, then everyone's undergoing a little bit of shock. So, it's worth checking out your plants, checking in with them regularly, and making sure that they can make it through this period.
Things to look out for? Well, if you've got very hot sunny days, the plants that are in your sunny windows maybe able to cope in Spring, or in March, or in April, with the amount of light that's coming in through those windows, but come this period and the power and intensity of the sun and the duration of the sun around the solstice, the longest day of the year, is going to be greater. So, it is worth having a look at your plants and just considering whether some of them might need to be moved a metre or two away from the window, or whatever the light source may be, whether that's a sky light, the sun coming through the window is going to be more powerful at this time of year. So, think about that and move any plants before they get the chance to be sunburned. They certainly won't be badly affected by having a few days in a little bit more shade than usual and it may just save them from unsightly marks which could be going straw yellow or brown patches, those things can indicate some sunburn.
Bear in mind terrariums can suffer in this really hot weather. Imagine they are like a greenhouse within a greenhouse that is your house and it can get incredibly hot. If you've got them in any shaft of light that might be coming through, more intense light than they're used to, the plants can start to get dangerously hot, so do think about moving terrariums to cooler locations and just keeping an eye on what's going on inside. You might need to take the lid off a bit more, or perhaps a bit less, but just make sure that they're not turning into a boiling cauldron that your plants won't appreciate. Similarly, if you're using the lovely hummus pot technique for propagating cuttings and I had a contact from somebody recently who said: "What's happening, all my hummus pot cuttings are just turning to mush?" And I suspected that the listener had been putting these on a really sunny windowsill and the cuttings were just cooking. So, make sure if you've got a propagation station, yes, it looks very nice on your windowsill but think about moving it somewhere out of the sun because those cuttings will really struggle in this hot weather, particularly if they haven't got much of a root system established yet. The other thing to be aware of is that your plants may be thirstier than usual. Why is that? Well, when a plant is in hot temperatures and the light intensity is higher, then the rate of transpiration increases. That's the rate at which the plant is losing water through its leaves by the water evaporating through the stomata, the holes in the surface of the leaf. It will be drawing up more water from the roots and pulling that through and the higher the temperature and light intensity, then the more the plant will transpire, so it's going to need more water.
How can you slow the rate of transpiration? Well, if the plant is surrounded by really humid air then that will slow it down, so you can mist your plants more. If you move them outside, bear in mind that extra wind will also cause transpiration to increase. So if you put your plants outside, again they might need more water, but just make sure there is enough water around those roots so the plant doesn't end up wilting because that will be the end result, if your leaves are allowed to get into that situation where there just isn't enough water to supply the rate of transpiration that's happening. If you do come across any parts that have wilted, just first of all make sure that it's not a question of over-watering as it can be when plants wilt, but if they're really dry around the roots, you need to take emergency action, get them into the shade, stick the pot into a bucket or tray of water, run lots of water over the rootball because once that rootball gets super dry it becomes hydrophobic, so it pushes away water, and you'll need to defeat that by giving it a really good soak, give that plant a really good soak for an hour or two and it should recover provided it hasn't been left to go too far.
Do check plants, even plants that you think "Well, I only water them every few weeks." You will find that they will need more water at this time. If you've got cacti and succulents you will find that they will drink a good amount during this time as well. My cacti and succulents, right now, they're getting watered at least once a week and especially if they're in a terracotta pot which is evaporating moisture too, so don't ignore your cacti and succulents because they will need water too.
If you've got the windows and doors open, bear in mind, that's all lovely and nice, but it can mean that pests are coming in through the door. So, if you've got plants that are moving in and out, they can get some aphids attached to them and I know this is a bad year for aphids here where I am and you might find that the plants that go outside or the plants that are brought in and out just end up getting a big infestation of aphids and other pests, so do check them regularly. The places to check on the plant are the bits of new growth, so the growing tips are where the aphids love to go because that's the place where all the juicy, juicy sap is available. So check your plants for pests when those windows and doors are open and also bear in mind if the plants are stressed because of the heat, it may mean that they are more attractive to pests because pests do know when plants are stressed and will respond by flocking to them. Keep your plants healthy and hopefully the pests will stay at bay.
If you do put plants outside, it's really worth remembering that light intensity outside your house is way higher than it is inside. If you've got plants that are quite happy on a sunny windowsill in your house don't necessarily put them onto the hottest, sunniest windowsill outside the house, or spot on your patio because that light intensity will be way greater and you might find they start to get sunburned. Generally, when houseplants go outside, start them off in the shade. If they're okay there, you can gradually move them into more sun.
You may find that some plants really put on a big spurt of growth in these high temperatures. Some plants that really come from tropical places where this is their absolute nirvana, they might want to put on loads of growth. I'm thinking of your Aroids or your cacti and succulents. This is a moment to think about feeding because if those plants aren't getting enough food they just won't be able to put the building blocks in place to make those new leaves. When you're watering do add some fertiliser, a weak dilution is always good, do that every time you water if you're watering, say, once a week rather than: "Oh, I've suddenly remembered I haven't fertilised in six months" and you give them a triple dose. It's much better to do the fertilising every time you water, but make sure it's a really weak solution.
It's also a really good time to get the mister out and give your plants a really good wash down. Leaves can look really dirty particularly when they're highlighted by bright light and you suddenly realise your windows are really dirty when the sun shines through them. It's the same with plant leaves. Plants will really appreciate a damp cloth over those leaves or a mister and get rid of all the dust that's collected on there. It's a great time, as well, to check for spider mite on the undersides of those lovely Calatheas that are so prone to suffering from that problem.
Repotting when there's a heatwave? I would try to avoid root disturbance when it's unusually hot for your climate, just because the plant is probably coping with the change and throwing into the mix a re-pot, where its roots are inevitably going to be a bit disturbed, probably best avoided. If you've really got to do it and it's the only time you've got, then go for it, but if you can avoid it and you can leave it a few days until the temperature has settled down again, it's probably advisable.
For those of you with air conditioning, this is a moment to think about how that might be affecting your plants. In the UK, air conditioning is not that common, apart from in big buildings, so not something I have to worry about. I'm just looking at my thermometer in here in the office. It's 32.6C. Delightful! You need to think about AC if you're whacking the AC up and it's very, very chilly in your place at the minute. That could be affecting plants in the opposite way. Cold draughts pouring onto plants that are used to higher temperatures and don't like those cold draughts, might also give them a bit of a setback. Think about your AC and perhaps ways that you can keep cool without whacking it up too high. After all, it's better for the environment if you don't do that too.
I'm sitting here with my feet in a basin of cold water. This was a tip that we got years ago when we went to the Greek island of Kos and it was really hot. It was like the temperature that it is here today in the UK, 30C or so. I remember we were standing waiting early in the morning to go on a bus trip to some kind of tourist attraction, or another island, I can't remember. There was a Greek lady and she was sitting outside in her little garden and she had her feet in a bucket of cold water. Through miming, rather than communicating in any language-based way, she managed to explain to us that this was great for cooling you down. I'm sure that somebody who knows about human biology would be able to explain this, but it really does work. If your feet are in cool water, it really helps the rest of your body to stay cool as well, so that's how I stay cool. The great thing is nobody on a Zoom call can see that your feet are currently having a little, cool spa experience! So there's a little tip for you if you're working and you don't want to put the AC too high for the sake of your plants!
Well, I hope those tips are helpful and now let's hear from our other sponsor this week.
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Jane: This week's On The Ledge is supported by Bite Away. If you're being plagued by insect bites right now, why not invest in a device that can calm the itching fast. Well, Jane, you might be saying, I have some cream that only costs me a fiver, so why would I invest in a Bite Away when that costs £26.99? Well, the trouble with creams is that they have a use-by date, whereas the Bite Away can be used hundreds of times and you'll only need to replace the batteries after around 300 uses. How does it work? Just press the Bite Away onto the surface of the skin where you've been bitten, press the button, and a short spell of heat acts to stop the itching and start to bring down the swelling. I have to say I was a bit sceptical, but it really worked fast for me. Bite Away is dermatologically tested and compact enough to stick in your first aid kit when travelling, or pop into your pocket when you're working in the garden or hiking. It's suitable for use by allergy sufferers and pregnant women and you can use it on children safely too. Bite Away is available from Amazon UK. Find out more at mybiteaway.co.uk
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Jane: Now it's time for Question of the Week. As you know, when a question that comes in is a little bit outside of my knowledge subset, I have a host of experts to call on to help me out. This week it's a question about Hoya identification and I knew just the man.
Jane: Doug Chamberlain, thank you for joining me back on On The Ledge. Your Hoya episode is still an epic episode of the show which people continue to listen to. So Hoyas are ever more popular. I've had a question come in from Jennifer which I hope you can help me with because she's got a question about three species of Hoya, none of which I grow, so perhaps you can enlighten us? Jennifer says: "What's the difference between Hoya kentiana, Hoya shepherdii, and Hoya wayetii? I just can't figure it out. I'd like to label my plants and I don't know which name to give the two in question." This seems to be a really common problem with Hoyas, working out names, that sometimes there's a lot of confusion. Is there any enlightenment to be had on the subject of these three species?
Doug: Well, this is a question that's come up a lot over the years. There was a big discussion that I found online about eleven years ago and one of those plants, shepherdii, really is a completely different animal. It's not even really closely related to wayetii and kentiana. It's in a different section of Hoya. It comes from a cooler location that's endemic in India. It has a white flower with a red corona and it's very fragrant. The leaves on those are darker green and they're longer than either wayetii or kentiana. They can be as big as 20cm, so they can get really long and they're narrow, then they don't get as wide in mid-point. So that one is a little bit easier to identify.
Early on, when they're young, tiny little plants, there can be similarities, but if you really look at that one's growth habit, it tends to grow a little bit more zig-zaggy and it's really different than wayetii and kentiana. I'm going to say something that's a little bit controversial but wayetii and kentiana are so similar they may as well be the same species. There's two groups of botanists, there is the splitters and then there's the lumpers. The splitters, like Dale Kloppenburg, who identified wayetii, he never met a Hoya he didn't want to make a new species. He is the one who named that species back in '89 or '90, but it's so similar, it's very difficult to tell the difference. He says there's minute differences in the flower structure and wayetii has got greenish petal cells and kentiana have pinkish petal cells and the corona on wayetii has a little tiny appendage, or stock, that raises it up slightly, but I can't see the difference. I think it's just a regional difference in where this thing was located and kentiana and wayetii may very well be the same species. So, as far as identifying it from a leaf? Very, very tough, they're so similar. I don't think I could do it.
Jane: It's interesting, isn't it? I've had the same issue with a Hoya that I have. Globulosa is one of the names it seems to have, but also some people say that it's a different species from villosa and that villosa has wavy edges to the leaves and globulosa doesn't. I keep reading contradictory statements about those two as well, so it's obviously an issue that comes up. As you say, it's possibly down to taxonomy and your preference as to whether you're a splitter or a lumper.
Doug: Absolutely. I agree. Those two are virtually identical. I had one before it, I couldn't tell the difference. I had globulosa but it might as well have been villosa. It looks identical.
Jane: Yes, at the end of the day, as long as you can put some kind of identification, so you kind of know which one is which, even if they are different species, they're probably so similar as to need almost identical care, therefore you don't have to worry too much, unless you're the national collection holder or something. Nobody is going to be testing you on this stuff.
Doug: The care is identical, they almost look identical. I've got a kentiana right now. I went out and looked at it this morning. I don't have wayetii at the same time, but this one is called Hoya aff. kentiana. Like kentiana, I don't even know where the thing came from, but the leaves are very pointed on the end and you can almost poke yourself, it has a very sharp point. From my recollections of wayetii, it seemed to have a much gentler, more rounded tip on the end. That's the only thing I can say. It could be a characteristic that could help you ID it from the leaves but they're so darn similar.
Jane: We were talking before this interview started about the massive increase in popularity in Hoyas. Even in the last few months they seem to be going crazy. Tell me about a couple of Hoyas that you're seeing big demand for that previously people weren't knocking at your door for and are there particular species that are really desirable right now?
Doug: There's a couple of different ones. Hoya manipurensis - which is this little bowtie-shaped leaf, which makes it interesting - three years ago, I had a hard time giving this plant away, there wasn't a lot of interest and I would sell them on eBay and I would struggle to get $35 or $40 and this year it's gone crazy for that particular plant and I've sold a couple at $350 a piece.
Jane: Wow.
Doug: There's no end in sight, people have a strong demand for that. Then the all-white flower Hoya bella, which has no red corona, it seems to be very rare on this side of the pond. It might be more common in Europe, but over here, I can keep putting them out and selling them one after another at $200 a piece. That's the kind of Hoya craze that is going on in the US right now.
Jane: It's so interesting, isn't it? This wave that social media and the internet is driving people towards certain plants and I'm split between being delighted that Hoyas are getting the attention that they deserve, but also worried that we're into a stampede situation and people are perhaps going out and buying lots of plants before they've really had a chance to get to know this genus and understand its care requirements which vary according to the species and aren't that necessarily that straightforward and you're worried that some of these very expensive rare plants are going to end up crispy and dead, or mushy and rotted.
Doug: I couldn't agree more with you, Jane. I have the same fear that people are just spending these huge amounts of money with no real idea how difficult some of these are to care for. Some of these Hoyas, you look at them sideways and you kill them, they're so delicate. They're not all that way, but there are a huge number that are that sensitive. So to be spending those kinds of dollar amounts on a plant that could die on you quite quickly, it's pretty scary stuff. Social media really has fuelled this demand, I think, and also the having to stay at home with the coronavirus, it's made us concentrate on what's around us and the plants in our house is creating more demand. So all of those things combined have just sent Hoyas through the roof. I feel bad for people just starting out wanting to get into the hobby because, right now, I don't think there's any affordable way to do that.
Jane: That's a really good point. I always try to be generous with cuttings if somebody comes to my house and says: "That's a nice plant," I scope them out and I see if they've got any skills but I will give people cuttings of things if they're mature enough and it's nice to see that and get people started that way. But at the same time, as you say, if you're looking for something beyond a Hoya carnosa type plant, the prices are going up and up. It's an interesting time for the Hoya community, but it'll be interesting to see how it progresses and whether it really goes crazy the way that Aroids have done and what happens. I guess some of these plants are slow-growing and possibly hard to propagate and they may remain quite rare?
Doug: Yes, that's definitely the case. There are certain Hoyas that are so difficult - both to propagate and to grow them. They will always be rare. Those are not Hoyas that beginners, or even intermediate people, should really strongly be seeking out, unless they can find a bargain on them because they are so hard to keep alive.
Jane: The one I'm seeing on Instagram a lot is Hoya callistophylla. I don't know how rare that is - it looks very beautiful - but I don't know how rare or easy that is, but it seems to be all over Instagram.
Doug: It has very pretty leaves, highly veined, it's been around for years. It's my oldest Hoya. I got it probably about thirteen or fourteen years ago from Carol Noel in Hawaii. It's an extremely slow grower unless you have incredible humidity and warmth, then it can grow quite quickly, but just sitting on a windowsill in a house, you may very well think that it's not real, that it is plastic, and it won't grow for you. Mine, currently, it grows about six weeks out of the year because that's the only time I can provide the conditions warm and humid enough for it.
Jane: That's the thing, isn't it? Some of these Hoyas do like a nice blast of heat to spring them into life. You might be able to keep it alive but it might not be growing that much. It's very hot here in the UK at the minute, so hopefully all my Hoyas will be piling on some growth right now.
Doug: I'm sure they will.
Jane: It's very warm. Thank you for joining me Doug and enlightening us on that question from Jennifer and long may your Hoyas continue to thrive and bloom.
Doug: Thank you so much, Jane, and I hope the same for your Hoyas.
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Jane: Thanks to Jennifer for her question, I hope that helped. If you've got a question for On The Ledge drop an email to ontheledgepodcast@gmail.com and I will do my best to help. Before I go, I wanted to end the show on some fabulous good news from a listener. Ezra left the job that he was unhappy in about a month ago and had applied for a job as a greenhouse technician, which was his dream job. Well, good news, Ezra passed the first interview and then he passed the second interview! This is his planty dream job plans achieved! Yes, he got the job! So there you go - if you've got a planty dream, go for it because if your heart and your brain are both into it, then success should come your way! Well done Ezra! I'll see you all next week. Bye!
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Jane: The music you heard in this episode was Roll Jordan Roll by The Joy Drops and Endeavour by Jahzzar. The ad music was by the Heftone Banjo Orchestra, with the tracks Whistling Rufus and Dill Pickles. All tracks are licensed under Creative Commons, see the show notes at janeperrone.com for details.
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When it's unusually hot, you may feel the strain: your houseplants can struggle too. I offer up some tips to help your plants cope with a heatwave, and Doug Chamberlain of Vermont Hoyas joins me to answer a listener question.
Check the notes below as you listen ...
Plants that are usually fine in a sunny spot may be sunburned from extra hours of intense light - consider moving them a metre or two back from the window.
Soil will evaporate water more quickly, and plants will be using more moisture as transpiration speeds up, so check your plants at rootball level to check they are not dry.
Open windows and doors can bring in pests such as aphids. Check plants regularly for pests, on especially new growth at the growing tips, which provide the fresh sappy growth pests love.
Wipe leaves down with a damp cloth to remove any dust and dirt, and make sure they can breathe.
If you put plants outside, remember light intensity is much higher than inside, so plants that will be fine in a sunny window may need some shade: you can move them into sunnier spots progressively, but aside from some cacti and succulents, few plants will relish full sun outdoors.
Some plants will put on a real spurt of growth in higher temperatures, but make sure they have enough nutrients by feeding regularly.
If plants do end up wilted through lack of water, act quickly and place your plant in a bucket or dish of water for an hour or two, running some water through the top of the pot to make sure that the whole rootball is soaked. Make sure it’s out of the sun, and drain well before returning to its usual spot.
Air conditioning can create cold draughts for plants so make sure plants are located well away from vents, and don’t run your AC too low!
Hold off on repotting during a heatwave, as it will add extra stress to your plant.
Question of the week
Jennifer got in touch to ask about the difference between the Hoya species H. shepherdii, H. kentiana and H. wayetti. I turned to Hoya expert Doug Chamberlain of Vermont Hoyas, who I interviewed back in episode 82, for an answer.
The two Hoyas I am confused by are Hoya villosa and H. globulosa.
We also talked about some in-demand Hoyas including slow-growing H. callistophylla, all-white flowered H. bella, and H. manipurensis with its bowtie shaped leaves. Interested in taxonomy and the idea of splitters versus lumpers? This might interest you.
Want to ask me a question? Email ontheledgepodcast@gmail.com. The more information you can include, the better - pictures of your plant, details of your location and how long you have had the plant are always useful to help solve your issue!
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CREDITS
This week's show featured the tracks Roll Jordan Roll by the Joy Drops and Endeavour by Jahzzar. Ad music is Dill Pickles and Whistling Rufus, both by the Heftone Banjo Orchestra.
Logo design by Jacqueline Colley.